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Journals
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Ravi, V.
- Diagnostic Brain Biopsy - 15 Year Experience at Nimhans
Abstract Views :186 |
Authors
T. Asha
,
S. K. Shankar
,
Sarala Das
,
T. Vasudev Rao
,
Y. Ramamohan
,
K. R. Vani
,
D. Nagaraja
,
S. R. Aroor
,
V. Ravi
,
K. Taranatha Shetty
,
B. A. Chandramouli
Source
NIMHANS Journal, Vol 9, No 2 (1991), Pagination: 79-85Abstract
Brain biopsy is one of the important investigative procedures for establishing a diagnosis in various progressive diseases of the nervous system. At present with the availability of more modern and sophisticated techniques, the need for sampling brain is becoming limited. However, in a few conditions it remains the only method for establishing the diagnosis. We have reevaluated 71 brain biopsies performed during the past 15 years regarding the diagnostic usefulness. In 48 cases a definite diagnosis could be made, 16 biopsies were abnormal but no definite diagnosis could be offered, while 5 biopsies were within normal limits. In two cases, the biopsy material was inadequate for study. Majority of the biopsies with definite diagnostic pathology were from cases of SSPE. The other conditions diagnosed histopathologically include dysmyelinating and demyelinating conditions like, Schilder's disease, Krabbe's disease, Canavan's disease, sundanophillicleukodystrophy, degenerate conditions like Lafora body disease, Creutzfeldt Jakob disease and Viral encephalitis of herpes simplex type. A multi disciplinary approach in study has helped in improving the diagnostic efficiency and evolving other modalities of investigations to limit the procedure of brain biopsy to only conditions, with no other alternative diagnostic procedure.Keywords
Brain Biopsy, Neurodegenerative Conditions, SSPE, Canavan's Disease, Schilder's Disease, Leukodystrophy, CJD
- Rapid Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis - Immunocytochemical Localisation of Antigen in Cytological Preparations
Abstract Views :182 |
Authors
K. R. Vani
,
S. K. Shankar
,
V. Ravi
,
P. K. Shenoy
,
P. Satishchandra
,
T. Vasudev Rao
,
T. Asha
,
Sarala Das
Source
NIMHANS Journal, Vol 12, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 21-26Abstract
Role of immunocytochemical localization of Herpes Simplex Viral antigen in cytological preparations viz., brain biopsy smears and CSF cytospin, for a rapid and specific diagnosis of the encephalitis was evaluated. The antigen could be localised in the neurons of the brain biopsy and mononuclear cells in CSF, in three cases, thus helping in a rapid diagnosis and timely antiviral treatment. Failure to localise the antigen in another brain biopsy alerted to seek alternative diagnosis and avoid the expensive Acyclovir therapy. Immunocytochemical detection of HSV antigen in cytological preparations appears to be a very useful technique for diagnosis in neurological practice.Keywords
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis, Rapid Diagnosis, Cytological Preparations, Immunohistochemistry- Built in Self Test Architecture using Concurrent Approach
Abstract Views :178 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
M. Dodiya Chandni
1,
V. Ravi
1
Affiliations
1 School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Chennai-600127, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Chennai-600127, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 20 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Background/objectives: Built in Self Test Architectures are used for the online or offline testing of the digital circuits and can be operated both in normal as well as test mode. So the objective is to test the circuit under test in online mode with less concurrent test latency and less area overhead. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: In the case of normal mode the time required for testing becomes undesirable parameter so here we prefer offline testing method with concurrent approach which is also monitoring the window at the input by applying input vectors considering circuit under test as most important part of the processor which is arithmetic logic unit. Findings: The particular locations of the input vectors are stored in the latches which worked as the memory elements and this proposed scheme becomes more efficient by using cellular automata as test pattern generation and response analyzer using rule 90. Application/Improvement: The proposed scheme is comparable with the same architecture, considering TPG as LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register) and counter.Keywords
Arithmatic Logic Unit, Built in Self Test, Cellular Automata, Concurrent Test Latency, LFSR, Memory Elements, TPG, Windowing.Full Text
- Design and Development of BIST Architecture for Characterization of S-RAM Stability
Abstract Views :139 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 SENSE Department, VIT - Chennai, Vandalur to Kelambakkam Road, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 SENSE Department, VIT - Chennai, Vandalur to Kelambakkam Road, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 21 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Objectives: The objective is to find the optimum SNM of SRAM and then a BIST architecture is designed and implemented to test the SRAM cells varying the voltage of the bit lines. Methods/Analysis: In this paper we use a detection technique which is digitally programmable to detect the defective SRAM cells by using some additional set of SRAM cells to change the bitline voltage and then apply stress to the CUT. Findings: By using this programmable detection technique, cells can be tested even after the fabrication and accordingly one can find out the bit line voltages at which even weak and bad cells can be made useful. Improvement: The main advantage of programmability is that we can maintain considerable tradeoff between test yield and quality. The results at the end will justify the effectiveness of the BIST architectureKeywords
Built in Self Test (BIST), SRAM, Programmable Detection Technique, Static Noise Margin (SNM), Stability.Full Text
- Video Headend Video Quality Monitoring Solution
Abstract Views :190 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Communication Engineering, SENSE, VIT University, Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Alcatel-Lucent India Limited, Department of Video BU, Chennai - 600096, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Communication Engineering, SENSE, VIT University, Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Alcatel-Lucent India Limited, Department of Video BU, Chennai - 600096, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8, No 19 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
Background: The convergence of traditional Broadcast Television Broadcasting (DVB) services is evolving towards all Internet Protocol (IP) delivery network. In addition, the response to this evolution is the standardization of Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) architectures, such as DVB-IPTV, focusing on the delivery of continuous high-quality video services and covering the natural evolution of services such as high definition television and stereoscopic video. Nevertheless, by using existing video monitoring solution, it cannot be possible to monitor more than one live stream simultaneously without delay and for that setup need many devices. Also it is not feasible to monitor real-time video for IP Headend without storing the content. By creating a centralized monitoring environment one can able to integrate all the headend devices where the operator can identify and rectify errors based on their priority that occurred throughout the network. Methods: The proposed work provides a solution to monitor video without delay and with fewer networks. This Video Quality Monitoring (VQM) Solution deals with real time monitoring of channels effectively and efficiently with the help of network management system. Findings: This project describes the design and functionality of VQM and all streamed channel will be displayed on the video wall with specific parameters of video for subjective monitoring purpose.Keywords
DVB, Headend, IPTV, Monitoring, Quality, Video, VQMFull Text
- Design of BIST using Self-Checking Circuits for Multipliers
Abstract Views :136 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8, No 19 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
Background: Current technologies results in gradual increase in sensitiveness towards faults causing malfunctioning of the circuit. This paper presents the novel design of Built-In-Self-Test (BIST) using self-checking circuits for bit array multipliers. Methods: The design of BIST comprises of self-checking full adder which ensures fault detection on the same chip area. Each regular full adders and half adders in bit array multipliers are replaced by self-checking full adder so that any transient or permanent faults can be detected and recovered. The proposed BIST design also allows power saving procedures in Power Efficient-Test Pattern Generator (PE-TPG). Findings: Simulation results shows that implementation of this self-checking full adder into standard bit array multiplier minimizes the area overhead and power consumption by 25%-30% as compared to previous self-checking designs. The proposed BIST can handle up to ten faults with 70% probability of error detection, which is higher than earlier Double Modular Redundancy (DMR) as well as Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) technique with handling of six faults with 60% error detection probability. Conclusion: The proposed BIST design forms the base of area and power efficient testing methodologies for digital circuits. The architecture of BIST can be modified according to the data path of multiplier under test.Keywords
Built-In-Self-Test (BIST), Fault Detection, Self Checking, Stuck-at Fault, Test Pattern Generation (TPG)Full Text
- Implementation of Health Monitoring System using Mixed Environment
Abstract Views :199 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Neha Sinha
1,
V. Ravi
1
Affiliations
1 School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Chennai-600127, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Chennai-600127, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8, No 20 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
Background: Research shows that the health care cost per capita have grown 2.4 percent faster than the gross domestic product (GDP) since 1970. The aim of this paper is to present a useful model of wireless system that can combine both hardware and software environments and it can also integrate with other technologies or infrastructure at a low cost, which can be used for the patient monitoring system. Methods: The biomedical sensor which is attached to the patient, will read analog data. The recorded data will be converted digitally by using Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and a FPGA transmitter will be used to send this data to Phase Shift Keying (PSK) transmitter. The modulated data will be received by PSK receiver and another FPGA receiver will be used to get the data back on the system. For behavioural modelling Verilog hardware descriptive language is used to provide a high level abstraction and language constructions. And the Simulink software is used to provide a high-level mathematical modelling condition for digital communication system which can be used for the verification and algorithm development.The important modules implemented for the transmitter and receiver FPGA are bus interfacing, compression and the data framing. Findings: A short range wireless health monitoring wireless system is modelled by using a mixed software and hardware simulation environment.At all the stages of the hardware and software designs, different types of languages like Verilog HDL codes and MATLAB used to verify the operation of the modules. The behavioural HDL designed of the FPGA transmitter and receiver will be interfaced with the RF Simulink models of PSK transmitter and receiver by using System Generator (Sysgen) tool that acts as the converter simulator. A realistic design model of health monitoring system is implemented which can be used for future hardware design. Compression and framing are the two main operations used in the transmitter side. Data compression is implemented by Run-Length Encoding method and for data framing high data link control protocol has been used. The unique features of this models simulation are low cost, less complexity, low power dissipation and efficient data transmission. Finally the FPGA based healthcare system allows us to change the design configurations or up gradation of the system based on the requirements. Conclusion: In this paper distributed simulation approach is used for designing the health monitoring system which allows checking the specification of design at all the stages. Simulation by HDL and Simulink mixed models in not the objective of this work, but to prove that realistic design is possible for future health care system design.Keywords
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Hardware Description Language (HDL), Health Monitoring System, Phase Shift Keying (PSK).Full Text
- Minimizing Congestion in Wireless Sensor Network Using ETRI Dual Queue Scheduler
Abstract Views :96 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
B. S. Rachana
1,
V. Ravi
1
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Computer Science and Engg., SIT, Tumkur, IN
1 Dept. of Computer Science and Engg., SIT, Tumkur, IN
Source
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology, Vol 2, No 6 (2013), Pagination: 583-588Abstract
In order to respond within a fraction of seconds in case of critical conditions like explosions, fire and leaking of toxic gases, there must be a system which should be fast enough to respond. A big challenge to sensor networks is a fast, reliable and fault tolerant channel during emergency conditions to sink (base station) that receives the events . When a particular event is detected, the sensor nodes become active and there is a sudden burst of traffic towards the sink. This may lead to buffer overflow at the nodes causing packet drops and finally degrades overall network performance. Congestion leads to wastage of energy and minimizes the lifetime of sensor nodes. In sensor networks more energy is spend for communication rather than for computation. Hence it is necessary to ensure that the drop rate of transit packets which travel many hops in the network is reduced. How to efficiently use energy, enhance information quality, and improve transmission performance are three key issues of today’s wireless sensor networks. Packet scheduling for wireless communication subsystem is one of the most important methods to achieve these issues. In this paper, we propose an effective method that optimizes the energy consumption, packet scheduling, information quality etc by using the energy, time, reward, interest algorithm (ETRI) with the support of the dual queue scheduler. In this system we classify the dual queue scheduler and the ETRI method separately to make the proposed system much clear and verify its results for the further discussions.Keywords
ETRI Dual Queue, Congestion, Packet Drop, Reward Value, Throughput, First Tier Buffer (FTB), Second Tier Buffer (STB).Full Text
- Culture Practices of Litopenaeus vannamei in Fresh Water Grow-Out Ponds
Abstract Views :474 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Deportment of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar -608 002, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Deportment of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar -608 002, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Education and Information Management, Vol 6, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 1-9Abstract
Background/Objectives: Shrimp farming has been made an impressive growth in many developing countries especially in Asian countries. This activity is paved way to prominent economic growth and social importance.
Methods/Statistical analysis: The present study was undertaken for shrimp culture during August 2015 – November 2015 from fresh water aquaculture farm. Water samples were collected from culture ponds during the study period to analyze various physico-chemical parameters. The L.vannameiseeds (post larval stage 14) that had been acclimatized to the oppt salinity and it were confirmed disease free, transport with maintained optimum condition and reached to the ponds. The seeds were properly stocked in the culture ponds.
Findings: The water temperature values varied from 24°C and 28°C.Ranges of salinity 0.5 - 2.5 ppt were recorded. DO (dissolved oxygen) values varied from 4 and 7.1ml/l. The maximum pH values of 8.0 was recorded during the month of November 2015 and minimum of 7.3 was observed during August 2015. The maximum of feed provision 3.635tn was recorded in P3 (pond 3) and minimum of 3.145 was recorded at P1 (pond 1). The maximum ABW 25.3g was recorded in P3 and minimum of 24.5 was recorded at P1. The maximum biomass 2.340tn was recorded in P3 and minimum of 2.058tn was recorded at P2.
Application/Improvements: Shrimp culture has been increasing recent years in Indian Subcontinent. Liberalization of economy, high profitability and good international market are the factors, this has been given new impetus for shrimp culture boom in India. Hence, the present has been carried out the culture activity of L. vannamei in fresh water environment. This will be motivated and enhanced the culture practices.
Keywords
L. vannamei, Pond Preparation, Physic-Chemical Parameter, Seed Stocking, Mineral Supplementation, Feed Management, Growth Monitoring and Harvesting.Full Text
References
- MPEDA (Marine Products and Export Development Authority). Hand book on shrimp Farming. 1992.
- C.E. Boyd. Water quality management and aeration is shrimp forming fisheries and allied aquaculture department, Auubrun University, Alabama. 1989.
- S. Ayappan, S. Recent trends in Indian Freshwater Aquaculture. The IVIndian and Bangaladesh. BOBP. 1996; 24.
- R.P. Ferraries, F.D.P. Ester, J.M. Ladja, E.G. Dejsus. Osmotic, Total Protein and Chloride Regulation in Penaeus monodon. Proceedings of the First International Conference on the culture of Penaeid Prawns/Shrimps. Philippines. 1985; 1-165.
- S. Felix, G. Jawahar, V.K. Venktramani. Application of coastal aquaculture technologies. Success stories of Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu. Fishing chimes. 2007; 26(10), 46-49.
- I.P. Saoud, D.A. Davis, D.B. Rouse. Suitability studies of inland well waters for Litopenaeus vannamei culture. Aquaculture. 2003; 217, 373–383.
- S.J. Arnold, F.E. Coman, C.J. Jackson, S.A. Groves. High–intensity, zero water– exchange production of juvenile tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon: An evaluation of artificial substrates and stocking density. Aquaculture. 2009; 293(1-2), 42-48.
- P. Verghese, V.A.N. Ghosh, P.B. Das. On growth survival and production of jumbo tiger prawn P. monodon (Fabricius) in brackish water ponds. Bull. Department of Marine Sciences University, Cochin. 1975; 7(4), 781-789.
- R.K. Chakraborthi, P. Ravichandran, D.D. Haider, S.K. Mandal. Some physicochemical characteristics of kakdwip brackish water ponds and their influence on the survival, growth and production of P. monodon (Fabricius). Indian Journal of Fisheries. 1985; 32(2), 224-235.
- H.C. Chen. Water quality criteria for forming the grass shrimp Penaeus monodon. Proceeding of the First International Conference on Culture of Penaeid prawns Shrimps. Aquaculture Department SEAFDEC, Philippines. 1985.
- Influence of Seasonal Changes on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Uppanar Estuary, Southeast Coast of India
Abstract Views :523 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai- 608502, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai- 608502, Tamil Nadu
3 Deportment of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai- 608502, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai- 608502, Tamil Nadu
3 Deportment of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Education and Information Management, Vol 6, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 1-8Abstract
Background/Objectives: To study the seasonal changes influencing the various abiotic factors in estuaries and shallow coastal waters.
Methods/Statistical analysis: Water sample was collected from Uppanar estuary for a period of one year to analyze various physico-chemical parameters during the study period.
Findings: the present work was carried out on physic-chemical characteristics of water in Uppanar estuary, southeast coast of India during the study period. The findings of physical parameters are: water temperature values ranged from 24.0 to 32.0°C, salinity values of 15 ppt - 36.5ppt, pH values ranged from 8.3 – 7.4, turbidity range 1 to 2000 NTU, TSS (total suspended solid) from 1108mg/l - 1040 mg/l, and DO (dissolved oxygen) range 3.7 to 5.2 ml/l. Chemical parameters of water: NO2 ranged from 0.239 to 3.745 μM/l, NO3 values varied from 3.86 to 12.54 μM/l, TN (total nitrogen), ranged from 9.32 to 28.19 μM/l, IP (inorganic phosphate) values varied from 0.110 to 0.89 μM/l, TP concentration ranged from 1.19 to 32.62 μM/l.
Application/Improvements: The physical and chemical properties of water immensely influence the uses of a water body for the distribution and richness of biota and also influence both vertical and horizontal migration of aquatic organisms.
Keywords
Physico-Chemical, Chemical Parameters.Full Text
References
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- U.K. Pradhan. Physico-chemical characteristics of the coastal water off Devi estuary, Orissa and evaluation of its seasonal changes using chemometric techniques. Current Science. vol. 2009; 96(9), 1203-1209.
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- Distribution of Polychaete Species in Uppanar Estuary, Southeast Coast of India
Abstract Views :224 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502 Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Deportment of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002 Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502 Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Deportment of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002 Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Innovations and Developments, Vol 6, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 1-5Abstract
Background/Objectives: Macrobenthos are of special interest because of them are sessile or have a limited mobility and thus directly depend on environment conditions. They are showings marked response to environmental changes depending on their specific sensitivity and tolerance level. Among the macrobenthic forms, the polychaetes are dominant group which are important food source for higher trophic levels of most estuarine and near shore environment. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Sediment samples were collected from Uppanar estuary, Cuddalore coast for a period of one year from Jan’ 2011 – Dec’ 2011 to collect and analyze the distribution and diversity of polychaete species during the study period. Findings: The distribution and diversity of polychaete species, the total numbers of 36 species were recorded belonging to 19 families during the study period in this station. The maximum 32 species of polychaetes were recorded in summer and minimum of 23 species were recorded at monsoon. Among them five species of polychaetes (Capitella capitata, Nereis virens, Polydora ciliata, Perinereis cultrifera and Glycera Alba) were dominated in all the seasons. Application/Improvements: They are playing an important role in ecosystem process such as nutrient cycling, pollutant metabolism and dispersion. They are also considering as an important secondary production of among the macrobenthos. Polychaetes are also play a important role of pollution indicator.Keywords
Uppanar estuary, Sediments, Polychaete species, Distribution, Diversity.Full Text
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